History

The CIPAC coding system for pesticide active ingredients originates from the discussions at the 4th meeting of the FAO Working Party of Experts on the Official Control of Pesticides (Section B - Specifications) held in Rome in November 1968, when a classification system for specifications, methods of analysis and relevant papers was agreed. This system included the allocation of a code number to each active ingredient of distinctive structure. 

The reason for the use of code numbers instead of common names was to avoid misinterpretation in cases where:

  • different common names had been approved by the different national standard organization; 
  • common names had been changed at some point for what reason ever and;
  • common names had been changed at some point for what reason ever and;

Where there were derivatives of a chemical with different common names (e.g. parathion and parathion-methyl; azinphos-methyl and azinphos-ethyl), a single code number was allocated, with the difference in the chemical indicated by the addition of a letter to the code number. For example, particular esters were indicated by an 'a' (methyl) or a 'b' (ethyl), thus parathion-methyl was 10.a and parathion 10.b. 

Electronic data processing and the rules of ISO (ISO Standard 257, pesticides and other agrochemicals - Principles for the selection of common names) made it necessary to amend the coding system. Thus with the publication  of CIPAC Handbook E in 1993, several code numbers had to be changed. Parathion received the code 10, parathion-methyl 487, azinphos-methyl 37, azinphos-ethyl 485 and lindane (gamma-HCH) was changed from 4gamma to 488, etc. 

It was necessary to also change the extension codes to a 3-digit numerical code and to adopt ISO names for ions and radicals (ISO 257). At present, CIPAC codes are also allocated to active ingredients where there is no intention to prepare analytical methods (such as for viruses e.g: 618, Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus (ZYMV mild strain) and bacteria). They include (July 2017) around 1000 compounds. A CIPAC code can be allocated as soon as a ISO common name for a certain compound has been accepted

CIPAC analytical methods for pesticides are referred to using the code of the compound. For example, the method for cymoxanil water dispersible granules (WG), is referred to as 419/WG/M, as the CIPAC code for cymoxanil is 419.

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Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "D:\www\www83\plugins\system\debug\src\Extension\Debug.php" at line 377. (500 Whoops, looks like something went wrong.)

RuntimeException RuntimeException

HTTP 500 Whoops, looks like something went wrong.

Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "D:\www\www83\plugins\system\debug\src\Extension\Debug.php" at line 377.

Exceptions 2

RuntimeException

in D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Storage\NativeStorage.php (line 454)
  1. if ($this->isActive()) {
  2. throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to start the session: already started by PHP.');
  3. }
  5. if (ini_get('session.use_cookies') && headers_sent($file, $line)) {
  6. throw new \RuntimeException(
  7. sprintf('Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "%s" at line %d.', $file, $line)
  8. );
  9. }
  11. if (!session_start()) {
NativeStorage->start() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Storage\JoomlaStorage.php (line 313)
  1. $this->setId($session_clean);
  2. $cookie->set($session_name, '', ['expires' => time() - 3600 ]);
  3. }
  4. }
  6. parent::start();
  8. // Try loading data from the session
  9. if (!empty($_SESSION['joomla'])) {
  10. $this->data = unserialize(base64_decode($_SESSION['joomla']));
  11. }
JoomlaStorage->start() in D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php (line 396)
  1. {
  2. if ($this->isStarted()) {
  3. return;
  4. }
  6. $this->store->start();
  8. $this->setState(SessionState::ACTIVE);
  10. // Initialise the session
  11. $this->setCounter();
Session->start() in D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php (line 327)
  1. * @since 1.0
  2. */
  3. public function has($name)
  4. {
  5. if (!$this->isActive()) {
  6. $this->start();
  7. }
  9. return $this->store->has($name);
  10. }
Session->has() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Session.php (line 194)
  2. $name = $args[2] . '.' . $name;
  3. }
  4. }
  6. if (parent::has($name)) {
  7. // Parent is used because of b/c, can be changed in Joomla 6
  8. return parent::get($name, $default);
  9. }
  11. /*
Session->get() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Factory.php (line 372)
  1. __CLASS__
  2. ),
  3. E_USER_DEPRECATED
  4. );
  6. $instance = self::getApplication()->getSession()->get('user');
  8. if (\is_null($id)) {
  9. if (!($instance instanceof User)) {
  10. $instance = User::getInstance();
  11. }
Factory::getUser() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\Renderer\Html\ModulesRenderer.php (line 46)
  1. {
  2. $renderer = $this->_doc->loadRenderer('module');
  3. $buffer = '';
  5. $app = Factory::getApplication();
  6. $user = Factory::getUser();
  7. $frontediting = ($app->isClient('site') && $app->get('frontediting', 1) && !$user->guest);
  8. $menusEditing = ($app->get('frontediting', 1) == 2) && $user->authorise('core.edit', 'com_menus');
  10. foreach (ModuleHelper::getModules($position) as $mod) {
  11. $moduleHtml = $renderer->render($mod, $params, $content);
ModulesRenderer->render() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\HtmlDocument.php (line 578)
  2. $cbuffer[$hash] = $tmpdata;
  4. $cache->store($cbuffer, 'cbuffer_' . $type);
  5. } else {
  6. $this->setBuffer($renderer->render($name, $attribs, null), $type, $name, $title);
  7. }
  9. return parent::$_buffer[$type][$name][$title];
  10. }
HtmlDocument->getBuffer() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\HtmlDocument.php (line 897)
  1. $replace = [];
  2. $with = [];
  4. foreach ($this->_template_tags as $jdoc => $args) {
  5. $replace[] = $jdoc;
  6. $with[] = $this->getBuffer($args['type'], $args['name'], $args['attribs']);
  7. }
  9. return str_replace($replace, $with, $this->_template);
  10. }
  11. }
HtmlDocument->_renderTemplate() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\HtmlDocument.php (line 650)
  2. if (\array_key_exists('csp_nonce', $params) && $params['csp_nonce'] !== null) {
  3. $this->cspNonce = $params['csp_nonce'];
  4. }
  6. $data = $this->_renderTemplate();
  7. parent::render($caching, $params);
  9. return $data;
  10. }
HtmlDocument->render() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\ErrorDocument.php (line 139)
  1. $this->debug = $params['debug'] ?? false;
  2. $this->error = $this->_error;
  4. $params['file'] = 'error.php';
  6. return parent::render($cache, $params);
  7. }
  9. /**
  10. * Render the backtrace
  11. *
ErrorDocument->render() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Error\Renderer\HtmlRenderer.php (line 70)
  1. ob_end_clean();
  2. }
  4. $this->getDocument()->setTitle(Text::_('Error') . ': ' . $error->getCode());
  6. return $this->getDocument()->render(
  7. false,
  8. [
  9. 'template' => $template->template,
  10. 'directory' => JPATH_THEMES,
  11. 'debug' => JDEBUG,
HtmlRenderer->render() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Exception\ExceptionHandler.php (line 142)
  1. 'subject' => $app,
  2. 'document' => $renderer->getDocument(),
  3. ])
  4. );
  6. $data = $renderer->render($error);
  8. // If nothing was rendered, just use the message from the Exception
  9. if (empty($data)) {
  10. $data = $error->getMessage();
  11. }
ExceptionHandler::render() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Exception\ExceptionHandler.php (line 76)
  1. * @since 3.10.0
  2. */
  3. public static function handleException(\Throwable $error)
  4. {
  5. static::logException($error);
  6. static::render($error);
  7. }
  9. /**
  10. * Render the error page based on an exception.
  11. *
ExceptionHandler::handleException() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\CMSApplication.php (line 334)
  1. );
  3. // Trigger the onError event.
  4. $this->dispatchEvent('onError', $event);
  6. ExceptionHandler::handleException($event->getError());
  7. }
  9. // Trigger the onBeforeRespond event.
  10. $this->dispatchEvent(
  11. 'onBeforeRespond',
CMSApplication->execute() in D:\www\www83\index.php (line 35)
  2. // Run the application - All executable code should be triggered through this file
  3. require_once dirname(__FILE__) . '/includes/app.php';
  5. $app = JFactory::getApplication('site');
  6. $app->execute();

RuntimeException

Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "D:\www\www83\plugins\system\debug\src\Extension\Debug.php" at line 377.

in D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Storage\NativeStorage.php (line 454)
  1. if ($this->isActive()) {
  2. throw new \RuntimeException('Failed to start the session: already started by PHP.');
  3. }
  5. if (ini_get('session.use_cookies') && headers_sent($file, $line)) {
  6. throw new \RuntimeException(
  7. sprintf('Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "%s" at line %d.', $file, $line)
  8. );
  9. }
  11. if (!session_start()) {
NativeStorage->start() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Storage\JoomlaStorage.php (line 313)
  1. $this->setId($session_clean);
  2. $cookie->set($session_name, '', ['expires' => time() - 3600 ]);
  3. }
  4. }
  6. parent::start();
  8. // Try loading data from the session
  9. if (!empty($_SESSION['joomla'])) {
  10. $this->data = unserialize(base64_decode($_SESSION['joomla']));
  11. }
JoomlaStorage->start() in D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php (line 396)
  1. {
  2. if ($this->isStarted()) {
  3. return;
  4. }
  6. $this->store->start();
  8. $this->setState(SessionState::ACTIVE);
  10. // Initialise the session
  11. $this->setCounter();
Session->start() in D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php (line 327)
  1. * @since 1.0
  2. */
  3. public function has($name)
  4. {
  5. if (!$this->isActive()) {
  6. $this->start();
  7. }
  9. return $this->store->has($name);
  10. }
Session->has() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Session.php (line 194)
  2. $name = $args[2] . '.' . $name;
  3. }
  4. }
  6. if (parent::has($name)) {
  7. // Parent is used because of b/c, can be changed in Joomla 6
  8. return parent::get($name, $default);
  9. }
  11. /*
Session->get() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Factory.php (line 372)
  1. __CLASS__
  2. ),
  3. E_USER_DEPRECATED
  4. );
  6. $instance = self::getApplication()->getSession()->get('user');
  8. if (\is_null($id)) {
  9. if (!($instance instanceof User)) {
  10. $instance = User::getInstance();
  11. }
Factory::getUser() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\SiteApplication.php (line 565)
  1. *
  2. * @since 3.2
  3. */
  4. protected function initialiseApp($options = [])
  5. {
  6. $user = Factory::getUser();
  8. // If the user is a guest we populate it with the guest user group.
  9. if ($user->guest) {
  10. $guestUsergroup = ComponentHelper::getParams('com_users')->get('guest_usergroup', 1);
  11. $user->groups = [$guestUsergroup];
SiteApplication->initialiseApp() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\SiteApplication.php (line 237)
  1. * @since 3.2
  2. */
  3. protected function doExecute()
  4. {
  5. // Initialise the application
  6. $this->initialiseApp();
  8. // Mark afterInitialise in the profiler.
  9. JDEBUG ? $this->profiler->mark('afterInitialise') : null;
  11. // Route the application
SiteApplication->doExecute() in D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\CMSApplication.php (line 304)
  1. $this->sanityCheckSystemVariables();
  2. $this->setupLogging();
  3. $this->createExtensionNamespaceMap();
  5. // Perform application routines.
  6. $this->doExecute();
  8. // If we have an application document object, render it.
  9. if ($this->document instanceof \Joomla\CMS\Document\Document) {
  10. // Render the application output.
  11. $this->render();
CMSApplication->execute() in D:\www\www83\index.php (line 35)
  2. // Run the application - All executable code should be triggered through this file
  3. require_once dirname(__FILE__) . '/includes/app.php';
  5. $app = JFactory::getApplication('site');
  6. $app->execute();

Stack Traces 2

[2/2] RuntimeException 
RuntimeException:
Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "D:\www\www83\plugins\system\debug\src\Extension\Debug.php" at line 377.

  at D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Storage\NativeStorage.php:454
  at Joomla\Session\Storage\NativeStorage->start()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Storage\JoomlaStorage.php:313)
  at Joomla\CMS\Session\Storage\JoomlaStorage->start()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php:396)
  at Joomla\Session\Session->start()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php:327)
  at Joomla\Session\Session->has()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Session.php:194)
  at Joomla\CMS\Session\Session->get()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Factory.php:372)
  at Joomla\CMS\Factory::getUser()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\Renderer\Html\ModulesRenderer.php:46)
  at Joomla\CMS\Document\Renderer\Html\ModulesRenderer->render()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\HtmlDocument.php:578)
  at Joomla\CMS\Document\HtmlDocument->getBuffer()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\HtmlDocument.php:897)
  at Joomla\CMS\Document\HtmlDocument->_renderTemplate()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\HtmlDocument.php:650)
  at Joomla\CMS\Document\HtmlDocument->render()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Document\ErrorDocument.php:139)
  at Joomla\CMS\Document\ErrorDocument->render()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Error\Renderer\HtmlRenderer.php:70)
  at Joomla\CMS\Error\Renderer\HtmlRenderer->render()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Exception\ExceptionHandler.php:142)
  at Joomla\CMS\Exception\ExceptionHandler::render()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Exception\ExceptionHandler.php:76)
  at Joomla\CMS\Exception\ExceptionHandler::handleException()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\CMSApplication.php:334)
  at Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()
     (D:\www\www83\index.php:35)
[1/2] RuntimeException 
RuntimeException:
Failed to start the session because headers have already been sent by "D:\www\www83\plugins\system\debug\src\Extension\Debug.php" at line 377.

  at D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Storage\NativeStorage.php:454
  at Joomla\Session\Storage\NativeStorage->start()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Storage\JoomlaStorage.php:313)
  at Joomla\CMS\Session\Storage\JoomlaStorage->start()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php:396)
  at Joomla\Session\Session->start()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\vendor\joomla\session\src\Session.php:327)
  at Joomla\Session\Session->has()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Session\Session.php:194)
  at Joomla\CMS\Session\Session->get()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Factory.php:372)
  at Joomla\CMS\Factory::getUser()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\SiteApplication.php:565)
  at Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->initialiseApp()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\SiteApplication.php:237)
  at Joomla\CMS\Application\SiteApplication->doExecute()
     (D:\www\www83\libraries\src\Application\CMSApplication.php:304)
  at Joomla\CMS\Application\CMSApplication->execute()
     (D:\www\www83\index.php:35)